This is Linux, not Windows.

Using the commands as directed here will make a hash of your filesystem.

As advised in the current man page for badblocks
“Important note: If the output of badblocks is going to be fed to the
e2fsck or mke2fs programs, it is important that the block size is prop‐
erly specified, since the block numbers which are generated are very
dependent on the block size in use by the filesystem. For this reason,
it is strongly recommended that users not run badblocks directly, but
rather use the -c option of the e2fsck and mke2fs programs”

Following the example on this page the command would be: es2fsck -c /dev/sdb

The ONLY reason you should ever create a bad blocks table is to send commands to the drivbe to tell it to repair the sectors

ATA and scsi drives are supposed to map out bad blocks. You can force the issue by wirting 0x00 to the sector (or use hdparm–repair-sector)

Take note of smartctl -A /dev/drive returns – in particular the bad sector (mapped out sectors) and pending sectors (probably bad but not mapped out) values – if the bad sector normalised value (not the raw value) is below the threshold then you need to replace the drive – NOW.

If you have large numbers of pending bad sectors then you’ll need to identify them and write zeros to them to allow the drive to fix or map them out (perfectly sectors can get marked as pending due to vibration issues, amongst other things).

Badblocks -svn will do this (unmount the partition first!), or if the partition is trashable/part of a raidset, hdparm –repair-sector and then rescan/reformat afterwards.

If bad sectors are not being mapped out then the drive needs to be replaced immediately. It’s probably out of spares (you’ll see this with smartctl -A) or about to fail.

# sudo e2fsck -c /dev/sdb

This lets you avoid creating an unnecessary file, especially when you’re booting to an optical drive and don’t want to write to the hard drive you’re testing.

#!/bin/sh
minsize=0
target=”/tmp/bad-blocks.txt”
for disc in `fdisk -l | grep ‘^/’ | awk ‘{ print $1 }’`; do
badblocks -v $disc > “$target”
tam=$(du -k “$target” | cut -f 1)
if [ $tam -eq $minsize ]; then
echo “no badblocks on $disc”
else
echo “badblock(s) found(s) on $disc”
fi
done

(access via smartctl)

$ apropos smartctl
smartctl (8) – Control and Monitor Utility for SMART Disks